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First Published Online July 21, 2008
The Oncologist, Vol. 13, No. 7, 812-820, July 2008; doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0011
© 2008 AlphaMed Press

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Pediatric Oncology

Liver Tumors in Children

Jason B. Littena, Gail E. Tomlinsonac

Departments of aPediatrics and bInternal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; cGreehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas

Key Words. Pediatric cancer • Liver tumor • Hepatoblastoma

Correspondence: Gail E. Tomlinson, M.D., Ph.D., University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. Telephone: 210-562-9001; Fax: 210-562-9014; e-mail: tomlinsong{at}uthscsa.edu

Received January 14, 2008; accepted for publication April 5, 2008; first published online in THE ONCOLOGIST Express on July 21, 2008.

Disclosure: The content of this article has been reviewed by independent peer reviewers to ensure that it is balanced, objective, and free from commercial bias. No financial relationships relevant to the content of this article have been disclosed by the authors, planners, independent peer reviewers, or staff managers.

Malignant liver tumors account for slightly >1% of all pediatric malignancies, with roughly 150 new cases of liver tumors diagnosed in the U.S. annually. The embryonal tumor, hepatoblastoma, accounts for two thirds of malignant liver tumors in children. Other liver malignancies in children include hepatocellular carcinoma, sarcomas, germ cell tumors, and rhabdoid tumors. Benign tumors of the liver in children include vascular tumors, hamartomas, and adenomas. There is an apparent increase in the incidence of hepatoblastoma with perinatal exposures and decreased premature infant mortality as postulated causes for this increased risk. The known causes and associations of liver tumors in children as well as the approaches to diagnosis and treatment of children are discussed in this review article.






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